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Donald Byrd
(Photo: )Trumpeter Donald Byrd, who was known for his collaborations with top artists, innovative style and lifelong commitment to jazz education, died on Feb. 4 in Dover, Del. He was 80.
From his legacy as a proponent of hard-bop to his segue into jazz fusion and hip-hop, Byrd was highly regarded for his ability to transcend genres, which earned him the respect of artists from all musical circles.
Born Donaldson Toussaint L’Ouverture Byrd II on Dec. 9, 1932, he was the son of a Methodist minister and musician. The product of Detroit’s celebrated music-education system, he was already an accomplished trumpeter by the time he graduated from Cass Technical High School. He earned his bachelor’s degree from Wayne State University in Detroit and his master’s from the prestigious Manhattan School of Music, and went on to study music with famed educator Nadia Boulanger in Paris in 1963.
Byrd played with the U.S. Air Force Band from 1951–’52 and relocated to New York in 1955, where he performed with George Wallington’s band at Café Bohemia. Byrd’s career took off when he joined Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers in 1955 as the replacement for trumpeter Clifford Brown, whom he greatly admired. He went on to collaborate with Max Roach, John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins and Red Garland before forming a band with baritone saxophonist Pepper Adams and leading sessions for the Savoy label.
In 1958, Byrd signed an exclusive recording contract with the Blue Note label and released his debut album with Adams, Off To The Races, in 1959. He formed his own touring quintet in the early 1960s and began to evolve his hard-bop style, utilizing influences from r&b and gospel music. His 1969 Blue Note release Fancy Free exemplified this transition into more commercial jazz-fusion and funk styles. Though Byrd’s change in musical style was panned by some critics, his 1973 album Black Byrd, produced by siblings Larry and Alphonso “Fonce” Mizell, became one of the best-selling Blue Note albums of all time.
In a 1966 interview with DownBeat, Byrd described his approach to composition: “It is a combination of several things—fun and games, pure sweat, improvisation, and, of course, knowledge of the subject.”
Byrd was a pioneer in jazz education, instructing at New York’s High School of Music & Art, and holding clinics and private lessons at National Stage Band Camps. The trumpeter held teaching appointments at universities around the country, including Rutgers University, where he was the first person to teach jazz. He also taught at Hampton University, North Carolina Central University, North Texas State University, Delaware State University, William Paterson University and Howard University, where he founded the jazz department and was named chairman of the Black Music Department. While at Howard, he formed a band with students called The Blackbyrds, which enjoyed chart success with singles such as “Happy Music” and “Walking In Rhythm.” In 1982, Byrd received a doctorate from Teachers’ College at Columbia University in New York.
Byrd’s influence extended into the realm of contemporary hip-hop, and his recordings were sampled more than 200 times by artists such as A Tribe Called Quest, Public Enemy and Nas. He also performed on late hip-hop artist Guru’s 1993 album Jazzmatazz Vol. 1, a fusion of jazz and hip-hop performed by artists from both genres.
In 2000, the National Endowment for the Arts recognized Byrd as an NEA Jazz Master.
To read a classic interview with Byrd from the DownBeat archives (“Donald Byrd Today,” Jan. 27, 1966), click here.
—Hilary Brown
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